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1.
Rev. Soc. Odontol. La Plata ; 25(46): 11-14, mayo 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-699385

ABSTRACT

La miasis (del griego myia, mosca) es la infestación de tejido vivo o necrótico de humanos y otros vertebrados, por larvas de distintos géneros. La especie involucrada más común en nuestro país es la Dermatobia hominis, un díptero que se caracteriza por ser una mosca grande de 1,5 a 1,8 cm. de longitud, con el tórax negro-azulado, abdomen de contorno romboidal de color azul violáceo con reflejos metálicos, cabeza y patas amarillentas. Las formas adultas del parásito no se alimentan, viven pocos días y son zumbadoras; tienen sus órganos bucales atrofiados y por lo tanto son incapaces de morder y picar. De estas características se desprende que los adultos son de vida libre y sólo las larvas tienen la capacidad de provocar la enfermedad. Las larvas son parásitos obligados biontófagos, es decir, se alimentan de tejidos vivos, poseen un tamaño de 2.5 a 3 cm de largo y en su superficie presentan prolongaciones espinosas que le permiten adherirse a los tejidos. El ciclo biológico comienza cuando la hembra se adhiere a un huésped intermediaron, usualmente artrópodos hematófagos (mosquito), depositando sobre el abdomen de los mismos sus huevos, el mosquito al picar al hospedador (aves o mamíferos) los deja caer. Una hembra adulta puede depositar de 15 a 30 huevos por vez y entre 100 y 400 a lo largo de su vida. Los huevos una vez localizados sobre la piel sana, se transforman en larvas, las cuales tienen la capacidad de atravesar el tejido sano, pasar al tejido subcutáneo y migrar hacia otras regiones más profundas, labrando túneles o cavernas. Esta migración lleva un período de 10 días, período en el cual la larva evoluciona de estadío y la parasitosis se puede agravar al aparecer infecciones cutáneas secundarias. Cuando la larva adulta sale del hospedador, cae al suelo, se entierra a unos 5 o 6 cm de profundidad, transformándose en pupa o crisálida. Así puede permanecer entre 20 y 60 días, dependiendo de los factores climáticos, hasta emerger en su forma adulta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Myiasis/diagnosis , Myiasis/etiology , Myiasis/pathology , Clavulanic Acid/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Diptera/parasitology , Oral Hygiene/education , Ivermectin/therapeutic use
2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-143517

ABSTRACT

The viper is one of India’s most commonly encountered poisonous snakes and envenomation following viper bite usually leads to consumption coagulopathy. Clinical manifestations most frequently include external and internal bleeding. In the setting of viper envenomation, large-vessel thrombosis is a very rare occurrence. Also, bilateral anterior cerebral artery infarction, when unrelated to anatomical abnormalities, subarachnoid haemorrhage, surgery or trauma, itself is an exceedingly rare event. We report a case of a 24-year-old previously healthy man who presented with bilateral anterior cerebral artery infarction following a viper bite. We also present hypotheses that may explain this unusual occurrence. ©


Subject(s)
Adult , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antivenins/therapeutic use , Cerebral Arteries/pathology , Cerebral Infarction/chemically induced , Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis , Clavulanic Acid/therapeutic use , Diuretics, Osmotic/therapeutic use , Factor VIII , Fibrinogen , Humans , Male , Mannitol/therapeutic use , Phenytoin/therapeutic use , Plasma , Snake Bites/complications , Viper Venoms/poisoning , Viperidae
3.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2008 Aug; 106(8): 545-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-99883

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out to compare the in vitro sensitivity of cefpodoxime + clavulanic acid and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid against 55 Gram-positive and 123 Gram-negative beta-lactamase positive clinical isolates. Micro-organisms isolated from different clinical specimens were tested for beta-lactamase/ESBL by using nitrocefin disc test and for metallo beta-lactamase by using double disc synergy test. A total of 299 (93 Gram-positive and 206 Gram-negative) clinical isolates were tested for beta-lactamase. Among 93 Gram-positive clinical isolates 25 (78.12%) out of 32 coagulase positive S. aureus, 23 (60.52%) out of 38 coagulase negative S aureus, 7 (63.63%) out of 11 enterococci and 0 (0%) out of 12 Strept pneumoniae were positive for beta-lactamase /ESBL. Notably Strept pneumoniae was found to be beta-lactamase/ESBL negative. Among 206 Gram-negative clinical isolates, 25 (69.44%) out of 36 acinetobacter spp, 20 (41.66%) out of 48 Branhamella catarrhalis, 24 (64.86%) out of 37 E. coli, 7 (46.66%) out of 15 H influenzae and 22 (62.85%) out of 35 proteus were positive for beta-lactamase/ ESBL/metallo beta-lactamase. Positive strains were tested for comparative sensitivity to amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime+clavulanic acid by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. As regards comparative sensitivity among beta-lactamase/ESBL positive Gram-positive strains, 84% and 92% strains of coagulase positive S aureus, 65.21% and 86.95% strains of coagulase negative S. aureus, 83.33% and 100% strains of Strept pneumoniae and 71.42% and 100% strains of enterococci were found sensitive to amoxicillin +clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime + clavulanic acid respectively. Sensitivity to amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime +clavulanic acid among beta lactamase/ESBL positive Gram-negative strains of acinetobacter spp, Branhamella catarrhalis, E. coli, H. influenzae and proteus spp were found to be 20% and 28%, 100% and 100%, 50% and 75%, 71.42% and 100%, 50% and 68.18% respectively. This study demonstrated that cefpodoxime +clavulanic acid combination has more potent in vitro activity in comparison to amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid combination against beta-lactamase producing strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Given this broad spectrum of activity, cefpodoxime+clavulanic acid appears well suited for use in the treatment of a variety of healthcare-associated infections.


Subject(s)
Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Ceftizoxime/analogs & derivatives , Clavulanic Acid/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Humans , beta-Lactamases/drug effects
5.
Acta AWHO ; 18(2): 98-106, abr.-jun. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-246070

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam um estudo multicêntrico, aberto, randomizado para comparar a eficácia e tolerabilidade da Levofloxacina oral à associação de Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de potássio no tratamento de sinusite bacteriana aguda em adultos. A Levofloxacina foi administrada na dose de 500 mg 1 vez ao dia, enquanto a associação Amoxicilina (500mg)/Clavulanato de potássio (125 mg) foi administrada 3 vezes ao dia, ambos tratamentos com duração de 14 dias. Foram avaliados os sintomas dor facial, rinorréia purulenta e obstrução nasal e também os sinais hiperemia, edema, secreção purulenta e dor a palpação dos seios paranasais. Os pacientes foram avaliados na admissão, com 3 a 6 dias de tratamento, 2 a 5 dias pós terapia e com 28 a 32 dias após o término da terapia. Foram classificados de acordo com a eficácia do tratamento em curados, melhorados, com falha terapêutica ou incapazes de serem avaliados. Foram também submetidos a questionários para verificação da aceitação da medicação. Ao fim do estudo, os autores classificaram a eficácia e a tolerabilidade como boas em ambos os grupos de medicamentos, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre os mesmos. Concluindo, a Levofloxacina oral mostrou-se tão eficaz e com boa tolerabilidade quanto a associação Amoxicilina/Clavulanato de potássio para o tratamento da sinusite bacteriana aguda em adultos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Clavulanic Acid/adverse effects , Clavulanic Acid/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin/adverse effects , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Lactams/adverse effects , Lactams/therapeutic use , Ofloxacin/adverse effects , Ofloxacin/therapeutic use , Penicillins/adverse effects , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Clavulanic Acid/administration & dosage , Amoxicillin/administration & dosage , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Combinations , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Lactams/administration & dosage , Ofloxacin/administration & dosage , Penicillins/administration & dosage , Sinusitis/drug therapy , Sinusitis/microbiology , Treatment Outcome
6.
Bol. venez. infectol ; 3(1/2): 10-12, ene.-dic. 1992. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-721185

ABSTRACT

En este estudio participaron 30 niños con diagnóstico clínico y radiológico de sinusitis maxilar. Las especies bacterianas recuperadas en mayor proporción en los cultivos nasofaríngeos fueron Moraxella catarrhalis y Haemophilus influenzae. Los sujetos recibieron tratamiento con amoxicilina-clavulanato 40mg/kg/día en tres dosis por 14 días, claritromicina 15mg/kg/día en dos dosis por 14 días o ningún tratamiento. Todos los sujetos, incluso los del grupo control, recibieron dosis apropiadas de una combinación de 30 mg de terfenadina más de 30 mg de seudoefedrina/5ml y lavados nasales con oximetazolina 0,004 por ciento en solución salina al 0,9 por ciento por 7 días. La tasa global de curación y mejoría fue de 90 por ciento y los resultados clínicos y radiológicos fueron similares en ambos grupos de tratamiento antibacteriano. Nosotros concluimos que amoxicilina-clavulanato y claritromicina tienen eficacias similares en el tratamiento de la sinusitis maxilar bacteriana en niños.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Clavulanic Acid/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Clarithromycin/therapeutic use , Maxillary Sinusitis/pathology , Infectious Disease Medicine , Otolaryngology , Pediatrics
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